Principle of Semiconductor Refrigeration

Principle of Semiconductor Refrigeration

Semiconductor refrigeration, also known as electronic refrigeration, or thermoelectric refrigeration, is a discipline developed from the 1950s at the edge of refrigeration technology and semiconductor technology. It uses PN junctions composed of special semiconductor materials to form thermocouple pairs and produce Perle The post effect, a new type of refrigeration method through direct current refrigeration, together with compression refrigeration and absorption refrigeration, is called the world's three major refrigeration methods.

Features of Semiconductor Cooler

The semiconductor refrigerator has the characteristics of no noise, no vibration, no need of refrigerant, small size, light weight, etc., and it is reliable in work, easy to operate, and easy to adjust the cooling capacity. But its coefficient of refrigeration is small, and the power consumption is relatively large, so it is mainly used in occasions with small cold consumption and small footprint, such as the cooling of certain components in electronic equipment and radio communication equipment; some are also used It is suitable for household refrigerators, but it is not economical. The peltier is a heat transfer tool. When an electric current flows through a thermocouple pair formed by a piece of N-type semiconductor material and a piece of P-type semiconductor material, heat transfer will occur between the two ends, and the heat will be transferred from one end to the other, thereby generating a temperature difference and forming cold and heat end.

Advantages of semiconductor refrigeration

1. It does not need any refrigerant, can work continuously, there is no pollution source, no rotating parts, no rotation effect, no sliding part is a solid piece, there is no vibration, noise, long life, and easy installation.

2. The semiconductor refrigeration sheet has two functions, both cooling and heating. The cooling efficiency is generally not high, but the heating efficiency is very high, always greater than 1. Therefore, using a single piece can replace separate heating and cooling systems.

3. The semiconductor refrigeration chip is a current-transducer type chip. Through the control of the input current, high-precision temperature control can be realized. Coupled with temperature detection and control means, it is easy to realize remote control, program control, and computer control, which is convenient to form an automatic control. system.